STEAM POWER STATION [ THERMAL STATION ]
STEAM POWER STATION [THERMAL STATION]
WHAT IS A STEAM POWER STATION OR THERMAL STATION?
WHEN A GENERATING POWER STATION OR PLANT IS USED TO CONVERT THE HEAT ENERGY OF COAL COMBUSTION INTO THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY IS KNOWN AS A STEAM POWER STATION OR THERMAL STATION.
#WORKING:-
A STEAM POWER STATION OR THERMAL STATION IS WORKS ON THE RANKINE CYCLE. WHEN THE STEAM IS PRODUCED IN THE BOILER BY UTILISING THE HEAT OF THE COAL CONSUMPTION. THEN THE STEAM GOES TO THE PRIME MOVER [WHICH IS ALSO KNOWN AS STEAM TURBINE] AND IS CONDENSED IN A CONDENSER TO BE FED INTO THE BOILER AGAIN. THEN THE STEAM TURBINE DRIVES OR MOVE THE ALTERNATOR WHICH IS USED TO CONVERTS THE MECHANICAL ENERGY OF THE TURBINE INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY. THESE TYPES OF STEAM POWER STATIONS OR THERMAL POWER STATIONS ARE PLACED WHERE THE COAL AND WATER IS AVAILABLE IS HIGHER AMOUNT, WHERE THE HUGE AMOUNT OF ELECTRIC POWER IS TO BE GENERATED.
# SCCHEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF STEAM POWER PLANT:-
A STEAM POWER STATION OR THERMAL POWER PLANT IS GENERALLY USED FOR THE CONVERSION OF THE HEAT OF COAL COMBUSTION INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
FOR PROPER WORKING AND EFFICIENTLY WORKING A SYSTEM IS REQUIRED i.e. A SCHEMATIC ARRANGEMENT:-
1. COAL AND ASH HANDLING
2. STEAM GENERATING PLANT
3. STEAM TURBINE
4. ALTERNATOR
5. FEEDWATER
6. COOLING ARRANGEMENT
1. COAL AND ASH HANDLING
WHEN THE COAL ISS IS TRANSPORTED TO THE POWER STATION BY ANY MODE OF TRANSPORT [ ROAD, BY TRAIN] IS DIRECTLY PLACED TO THE COAL STORAGE PLANT. FROM THE COAL STORAGE PLANT, COAL IS DELIVERED TO THE COAL HANDLING PLANT WHERE THE COAL [ CUT OE CRUSHED INTO SMALL PIECES ] IN ORDER TO INCREASE ITS SURFACE. THEN THE CRUSHED COAL IS FED TO THE BOILER BY COVEY OR BELT. THEN THE COAL IS BURNT IN THE BOILER AND ASH IS PRODUCED AFTER COMPLETE COMBUSTION OD COAL IS REMOVED TO THE ASH HANDLING PLANT, DELIVER TO THE ASH STORAGE PLANT FOR DISPOSAL.
2. STEAM GENRATING PLANT
IT CONSIST OF A BOILER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STEAM.
2.1 BOILER
THE HEAT OF COMBUSTION OF COAL IN THE BOILER IS UTILISED TO CONVERT WATER INTO STEAM AT HIGH TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURE. THE FLUE GASES FROM THE BOILER START MOVING THROUGH, SUPERHEATER, ECONOMISER, AIR PREHEATER THEN MOVE AWAY FROM THE CHIMNEY.
2.2 SUPERHEATER
WHEN STEAM PRODUCED IN THE BOILER IS WET AND IS PASSED THROUGH A SUPERHEATER WHERE IT IS DRIED AND SPERHEATED [i.e STEAM TEMPERATURE INCREASED ABOVE THAT OF BOILING POINT OF WATER] BY THE FLUE GAS OR THEIR WAY TO CHIMNEY. THE SUPERHEATED STEAM FROM THE SUPERHEATER IS FED TO THE STEAM TURBINE THROUGH THE MAIN VALVE.
2.3 ECONOMISER
AN ECONOMISER IS ESSENTIALLY A FED WATER AND DERIVES HEAT FROM THE FLUE GASES FOR THIS PURPOSE. THE FEED WATER IS FED TO THE ECONOMISER BEFORE SUPPLYING IT TO THE BOILER. THE ECONOMISER EXTRACTS A PART OF THE HEAT OF FLUE GASES TO INCREASE THE FEEDWATER TEMPERATURE.
2.4 AIR PREHEATER
AN AIR PREHEATER INCREASES THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR SUPPLIED FOR COAL BURNING BY DERIVING HEAT DROM FLUE GASES. AIR IS DRAWN FROM THE ATMOSPHERE BY A FORCED DROUGHT FAN AND IS PASSED THROUGH AIR PRE-HEATER BEFORE SUPPLYING TO THE BOILER FURNACE.
3. STEAM TURBINE
THE DRY AND SUPERHEATED STEAM FROM THE SUPERHEATER IS FED TO THE STEAM THROUGH THE MAIN VALVE. THE HEAT ENERGY OF STEAM WHEN PASSING OVER THE BLADES OF THE TURBINE IS CONVERTED INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY. AFTER GIVING HEAT ENERGY TO THE TURBINE, THE STEAM IS EXHAUSTED TO CONDENSOR
4. ALTERNATOR
THE STEAM TURBINE IS COUPLED TO AN ALTERNATOR. THE ALTERNATOR CONVERTS THE MECHANICAL ENERGY OF THE TURBINE INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY. THE ELECTRICAL OUTPUT FROM THE ALTERNATOR IS DELIVERED TO THE BUS BAR THROUGH THE TRANSFORMER, CIRCUIT BREAKERS, AND ISOLATOR.
5. FEED WATER
THE CONDENSATE FROM THE CONDENSER IS USED AS FEED WATER TO THE BOILER. SOME OF THE WATER MAY BE LOST IN THE CYCLE WHICH IS SUITABLY MADE UP FROM EXTERNAL SOURCES. THE FED WATER ON ITS WAY TO THE BOILER IS HEATED BY A WATER HEATER AND ECONOMISER.
6. COOLING ARRANGEMENT
WHEN THE WATER IS DRAWN FROM A NATURAL SOURCE OF SUPPLY SUCH AS RIVER, CANAL, OR LAKE AND IS CIRCULATED THROUGH THE CONDENSER. THE CIRCULATING WATER TAKES UP THE HEAT OF THE EXHAUSTED STEAM AND ITSELF BECOMES HOT. THIS HOT WATER COMING OUT FROM THE CONDENSER IS DISCHARGED AT A SUITABLE LOCATION DOWN THE RIVER. WHEN THE AVAILABILITY OF WATER FROM THE SOURCE OF SUPPLY IS NOT ASSURED THROUGHOUT THE YEAR, COOLING TOWERS ARE USED. THE COLD WATER FROM THE COOLING TOWER IS REUSED IN THE CONDENSER.
CREDIT:-- PRINCIPLES OF POWER SYSTEM
BY:- V.K. MEHTA
ROHIT MEHTA
No comments:
If you have any doubts, please let me know