What is Thermodynamics?
What is Thermodynamics?
The science of energy, that
concerned with the ways in
which energy is stored within a
body.
Energy transformations – mostly
involve heat and work movements. The Fundamental law is the
conservation of energy principle:
energy cannot be created or
destroyed, but can only be
transformed from one form to
another.
System, surroundings and boundary
System:- A quantity of matter or a
region in space chosen for study.
Surroundings:- The mass or region
outside the system
Boundary:- The real or imaginary
surface that separates the system
from its surroundings.
Type of system (isolated system)
Isolated system – neither
mass nor energy can cross
the selected boundary
Example (approximate): coffee in
a closed, well-insulated thermos
bottle
Type of system (Closed system)
Closed system – only energy
can cross the selected
boundary
Examples: a tightly capped cup of
coffee
Type of system (Open system)
Open system – both mass and
energy can cross the selected
boundary
Example: an open cup of coffee
Properties of a system
Properties of a system is a measurable characteristic of a system that is
in equilibrium.
Properties may be intensive or extensive.
Intensive – Are independent of the amount of mass
e.g: Temperature, Pressure, and Density,
Extensive – varies directly with the mass
e.g: mass, volume, energy, enthalpy
Specific properties –
The ratio of any extensive property of a system to that of
the mass of the system is called an average specific value of that property (also
known as intensives property)
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